Grapes Of Wrath Essay examples - 839 Words

Grapes of Wrath nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The book, Grapes of Wrath, follows the life of the Joad family, who live in Oklahoma during the Depression. The story begins with the return of Tom Joad from prison, where he has spent the last few years. He killed a boy in a bar fight and is now on parole. He is taken by surprise when he returns to Oklahoma only to find that his house is in ruins and his family is not there. He doesn’t know that, while he was gone, the banks forced his family and thousands of others off their land. Tom is accompanied by a former priest, Casey, who searches with Tom for his family. Tom and Casey find the Joad family at Tom’s uncle’s house. The family is preparing to move west to California in hopes that they†¦show more content†¦This news is disheartening to Tom, but the family’s only choice is to keep traveling west. Tom’s grandmother eventually dies too from exhaustion and heat. Finally after many grueling days in the hot sun and numerous stops to fix the car, the Joads arrive at California. However, their dreams of finding a wonderful place to live are shattered when they hear California residents calling them Oakies and saying bad things about them. Californians feel threatened by the families migrating into California because the newcomers will take all the job opportunities and they will steal food to avoid starvation. At first the Joads can’t find work and they are forced to live in one of the Hoovervilles. The Hoovervilles are very run down and Connie , Tom’s brother, runs away from the family because of the disappointment of realizing his dreams will not come true. When Tom gets in trouble with a officer in a Hooverville, Casey says it’s his fault and he is arrested instead of Tom. If Tom had been arrested he would have been sent back to prison for three years. Tom has always looked up to Casey and he is even more grateful for Casey’s actions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Joad family learns that there are jobs available as peach pickers to the north. They pack up and leave in hopes that maybe they will be better off from now on. When they arrive the whole family finds work and they earn enough to have decent meals. However, soon after their arrival, Tom finds out thatShow MoreRelatedThe Grapes of Wrath541 Words   |  2 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath ends in a rather idiosyncratic way. Steinbeck provides an anticlimax ending that is open to interpretation. The last scene occurs after the Joad family has to move from their boxcar due to the flood that has been ongoing for six days. At this point the family has encountered a series of problems that seem to be never ending. Every time there is a glimpse of hope, something comes and tears everything down. In California for example, finding a job was difficult for the family. OnRead MoreGrapes of Wrath5357 Words   |  22 PagesKrystal Giffen The Grapes of Wrath Part 1: Literary Analysis 1. A. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœWhat’s this call, this sperit?’ An’ I says, ‘It’s love†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 23, Chapter 4). This quote is an example of an metaphor. The use of this metaphor was to show the reader why the preacher doesn’t preach anymore. The effect the metaphor had on the reader was, for them to see how the preacher really viewed ‘the sperit’. B. â€Å"One cat’ takes and shoves ten families out. Cat’s all over hell now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 8, Chapter 2). This quote isRead MoreGrapes of Wrath Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath, many concepts appear that were noted in How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster. However, the three chapters of Foster’s how-to guide that most apply to Steinbeck’s novel were â€Å"It’s All About Sex†¦,† â€Å"Every Trip is a Quest (Except When It’s Not),† and â€Å"It’s More Than Just Rain or Snow.† On more than one occasion these concepts are hidden within the book, and two of them actually seem somewhat linked together. After reading between the lines, The Grapes of WrathRead MoreEssay on Grapes of Wrath554 Words   |  3 Pages or in history books. We have seen the pain and struggle that these people must go through in order to survive. This novel, The Grapes of Wrath, relates to som e of the many times of violence and cruelty that this America has seen. During the Dust Bowl, hundreds of thousands of southerners faced many hardships, which is the basis of the novel called The Grapes of Wrath. It was written to portray the harsh conditions during the Dust Bowl. When one considers the merit of this novel, one thinks, howRead MoreThemes in the Grapes of Wrath2270 Words   |  10 PagesThemes in The Grapes of Wrath The Joads are on their way to California. The land which seems to be a heaven with great work, little white houses, and many acres of land. But the Joads soon find out that California may not be the paradise they dreamed of. Their journey to California will be full of hope and despair along with keeping their dignity in the midst of all the wrath. One of the biggest problems they will face is how poorly they will be treated. The one thing that made the Joads successfulRead MoreEssay On The Grapes Of Wrath1080 Words   |  5 PagesFrom I to We The Great Depression was a time in history when almost everyone suffered. The novel The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck depicts a family, the Joads, moving to California because the bank had taken their home and land. Many families were moving away to try to find work so that they could provide for their children. Families that were once one, later became two. The Joad family wanted to stick together because they thought that was all they could do to get through this unpleasant situationRead MoreGrapes of Wrath Essay4878 Words   |  20 PagesBriseida Miranda Period 3 2/25/13 The Grapes of Wrath Study Questions 1. The importance of the land to the people a) Why are the Joads and thousands like them thrown off the land? Due to increased demands during the time, the Joads and thousands like them had spent a great sum of money purchasing farming equipment. However as these demands decreased, farmers were left in major debt. Since the farmers were not able to pay off the debt, they were â€Å"thrown off† their landRead MoreGrapes of Wrath Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesGrapes of Wrath 1. The protagonist of this story is Tom Joad. Tom must overcome several conflicts when he is paroled from jail and let out into an economically depressed country. Toms physical conflict throughout the novel is the task of surviving the horrible starving conditions of Americas Great Depression. He also has physical conflicts with people who only wish to destroy the hopes of migrant workers such as the police and strikebreakers. Toms emotional conflict deals with his inabilityRead More The Grapes of Wrath Essays621 Words   |  3 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath The Grapes of Wrath is set in the horrible stage of our American history, the Depression. Economic, social, and historical surroundings separate the common man of America into basically the rich and poor. A basic theme is that man turns against one another in a selfish pride to only protect themselves. For example, the landowners create a system in which migrants are treated like animals and pushed along from one roadside camp to the next. They are denied decent wages and forcedRead More Grapes Of Wrath Essay2416 Words   |  10 Pages John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath is one of the most influential books in American History, and is considered to be his best work by many. It tells the story of one family’s hardship during the Depression and the Dust Bowl of the 1930’s. The Joads were a hard-working family with a strong sense of togetherness and morals; they farmed their land and went about their business without bothering anyone. When the big drought came it forced them to sell the land they had lived on since before

An Analysis of Cultural Influences in the 19th and 20th...

An Analysis of Cultural Influences in the 19th and 20th Centuries The 19th and early 20th centuries were a time of massive cultural mutation, out of which came varying worldviews that intermingled with and reacted against one another. As Professor Ambrosio (2011) states in A History of Suspicion, of the biggest intellectual and/or philosophical influences in that time period, Marx, Darwin, Freud, Nietzsche, and Dostoevsky each represents a decisively different view of history than the view of history previously dominant in Western culture. This paper will discuss the historical and cultural events surrounding these five thinkers and show how they shaped, concurrently with scientific developments, the course of human thought in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Karl Marx, for instance, reacted powerfully against Hegels dialectic and produced a more poetic and yet more materialistic vision of mankind. Dispensing with Hegels rational spirit, Marx turned Hegels dialectical history of spirit upside down by creating historical materialism (A History of Suspicion, 2011). The means of production was Marxs focus. Marx examined Capitalism, Industrialism and ideology, and by viewing life in solely material terms developed the Communist Manifesto. This was a radical departure from Hegels attempt to spiritualize the world. If Hegel was the embodiment of one extreme, Marx was the embodiment of its opposite. Charles Darwins scientific analysis of the origin of theShow MoreRelatedThe Important Role of the Rivers in Russia Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween nature and urban dwellers in the study period. Perhaps the only published work characterizing the sanitary condition of Novgorod, the degree of contamination of its territories and environmental policies of the city government at the early 20th c., is a brochure of MD Alexander G. Kurkutov, published in 1915 . Author critically and in negative tones described the city with its problems of sanitation improvement, th e main causes of which he had seen in inefficient policies of the city governmentRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination Of M Ā Ori Health Inequalities And Cultural Diversity Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesZealand expected that nurses are able to understand and analyse the historical and cultural processes that have impacted on the MÄ ori health inequalities, so that they can best deliver and improve MÄ ori health care (Nursing Council of New Zealand [NCNZ], 2011). This essay will explore and discuss the contemporary MÄ ori health inequalities and cultural diversity in New Zealand using the sociological imagination analysis model. According to Mills (1959), sociological imagination proposes the abilityRead MoreAmericanization of Foods: Food is traditionally considered as a simple means of subsistence but1400 Words   |  6 Pagessimple means of subsistence but has developed to become filled with cultural, psychological, religious, and emotional significance. Consequently, food is currently used as a means of defining shared identities and symbolizes religious and group customs. In the early 17th and 18th centuries, this mere means of subsistence was considered as a class maker but developed to become a symbol of national identity in the 19th centuries. In the United States, food has been influenced by various culturesRead MoreThe Movements of the 20th Century Culture Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most important events that occurred in the 20th century? A century that was full of many innovations; most importantly, these events made a tremendous impact in our lives as of today. The 20th century contributed an abundance of improvements to our culture. In addition, the progressions of the advancement helped society lives to better, such as the industrialization, the remarkable inventions that made our lives easier. Nevertheless, the 20th century presented a copious amount of remarkable artistsRead MoreThe Success And Resilience Of The Ottoman Empire Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the arrival of Nationalism and nationalist movements in the 19th century, Ottoman suzerainty over its non-Muslim subjects in the Mediterranean and its European territories (Balkans and Caucasus) rested on religious identification as the cornerstone of society within the Ottoman Empire. The success and resilience of the empire derived its legitimacy from the flexibility and willingness to accommodate and respect local customs and religions in exchange for taxes (Jyzhia) and pledges of loyaltyRead MoreThe Impact Of United States On America927 Words   |  4 Pagesadverse effects. Political, cultural, social and technological advances that have witnessed in America over the centuries have contributed to the United States growth. This paper seeks to discuss the impacts that the United States had on the Americans from approximately 1880s to present. Effects of United States on the economy and cultural values of America? By considering the history of America, one can recognize that the formation of the United States in the 18th century marked the beginning of theRead MoreStructural Functionalism and Conflict Theory1541 Words   |  7 PagesStructural Functionalism amp; Conflict Theory Karl Marx and Max Weber were the first conflict theorists in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following Marx and Weber were three mid-20th century conflict theorists: Lewis Coser, Ralf Dahrendorf, and Randall Collins. Coser draws his theoretical ideas from Simmel. Like Simmel, Coser maintains that conflict is healthy for society. In contrast, Dahrendorf combines theoretical ideas from Marx and Weber. Dahrendorf sees power as the main feature in allRead MoreAnalysis Of Foucault And Queer Theory 1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn Foucault and Queer Theory Spargo defines queer theory as a nebulous group of cultural criticism and analysis of social power structures relating to sexuality . It is these power structures and aspects of culture that are responsible for the discourse that creates and informs ones understanding of gender, race, and sexuality. However these aspects of identity do not exist separately from one another, but are constructed in tandem throughout history. These la yers of identity inform each otherRead MoreRussian Culture Analysis784 Words   |  4 PagesRussia is in many ways similar to our beloved United States of America in that it is a melting pot of many cultural integrities that shows drastic changes from city to rural outline. From monarchy to communist socialism, the people of Russia have endured many hardships that either changed, destroyed, or fortified their customs. The strength of that is required to live in the harsh environmental conditions and ever-changing political rà ©gime makes native Russians some of the most resolute and adeptRead MoreGender, Gender And Social Norms Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernance body that acknowledges and legitimized cultural norms influence gendered identities. Cultural feminism suggests that gender disparities can be justified through biological differences. Gendered assumptions are therefore justified through reproductive capabilities, such as nurturing and domestic attributes of women . The analysis of law and cultural norms that perpetuate sexual danger and inhibit pleasure will be conducted through a sequential analysis of the three primary waves of feminism in light

Foundation of Management for Scientific Management Theory

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Management for Scientific Management Theory. Answer: Introduction: Many arguments have been made against the principle of scientific management theory that is, one way to manage (Waring, 2016). The contradictory theory has been introduced that is known as the contingency theory against this principle. This essay argues about the aspects of contingency theory that are against this statement of one way to manage and also about the supportive argument with the principles of scientific management theory. ManagementTheories: There are different management theories that are being introduced by theorists in order to analyze the different behavior of the organization to management the processes (Lpez, 2014). Evolution of management brings evolution in these theories as well. One of the theories is scientific management theory given by Taylor. This theory focuses on integrating engineering in organizational processes and operations (Jeffcutt, 2008). This theory suggests that science should be involved in the process by implementing technological innovations in the operations of the organization in order to enhance the efficiency of working. On the contrary, contingency theory has also been introduced which suggests that the technique and the process used to conduct an operation depends on the situation (Raduan, Jegak, Haslinda and Alimin, 2009). That means the organization should consider the situation before deciding the approach of managing the same. Arguments: Only One Way to Manage The scientific management theory suggests that there is one best way to management. The first aspect of this theory suggests that management of the organization can be done only by using a single best way. If an organization engages in mass production, it is required to set a single way or process because every activity of mass production should be done in series that cannot be changes again and again (Higgins, Silverman and Washio, 2008). This theory also argues about standardization (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). Standardization means similarity in the management approaches. There should be standard processes that need to be used in the organization that brings stability and thus helps in managing efficiently. Using only one way to manage brings standardization in all the processes of the organization and it becomes easy for the company to manage the same. This is because managing the change in the organization at every level is the challenge for the mangers of the companies. As dis cussed that scientific theory deal with standard and scientific procedure for managing the company, it signifies that the efficiency of workers remain constant all the time (Pryor, Taneja, Humphreys, Anderson and Singleton, 2008). One way to manage helps in bringing the consistency in the process and thus the efficiency of the workers as well. This is because the process of working is standard every time. It becomes easy for the management of the organizations also to deal with every situation and to handle the employees as they need not to consider the situation and just need to implement the standard pre decided process to resolve the issue. The theory of contingency is based on situation and suggests that situation is the basis of management and there cannot be a similar way that can be used every time. This theory believes that there is no one way to manage. (Bratton and Gold, 2012). Every organization has many employees that work for the same purpose. Difference in individual also leads to difference in the thinking process. Thus, it is not possible for the management to deal with every situation with the same method of technique of management. (Marquis and Huston, 2009). It is the fact that every organization faces different situation and have different business environment. Thus, it is not possible for each and every organization to follow the same approach of management. No one way to manage helps in bringing change and innovation in the organization as per the situation. It is not mandatory that only a single process of management can resolve the issue of every type. The structure of different organizations is dif ferent. Some believes in formal approach while some believes in informal approach (Woods, 2009). The basis of the organizational structure determined the management approach of the organization. It is very essential for the organizations to maintain the balance between the approaches they are using to manage and the structure of the organization, this is because they cant be contradictory to each other. There are various theories introduced by the theorists regarding the management but it depends on the structure of their organization that what criteria they need to follow according to the situation because situation is a very major part to be considered in resolving any issue. Conclusion: The above discussion suggests that some believes in the fact that there is only one way to manage because it brings standardization to the company and also helps in managing the employees with similar process. This results in mass production and efficiency in the workers as the obstacle of change is not being faced by them. On the contrary, the contingency theory says that there is no one way to manage, this is because situation are the major part that needs to be considered before making any decisions. Every organization has different structure and environment thus, managing the entire situation according to the same management technique is not possible. References: Lpez, J.A.P., 2014.Foundations of management. Ediciones Rialp. Jeffcutt, P. ed., 2008.The foundations of management knowledge(Vol. 10). Routledge. Raduan, C.R., Jegak, U., Haslinda, A. and Alimin, I.I., 2009. Management, strategic management theories and the linkage with organizational competitive advantage from the resource-based view.European Journal of Social Sciences,11(3), pp.402-418. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Marquis, B.L. and Huston, C.J., 2009.Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Woods, M., 2009. A contingency theory perspective on the risk management control system within Birmingham City Council.Management Accounting Research,20(1), pp.69-81. Higgins, S.T., Silverman, K. and Washio, Y., 2008. Contingency management. InThe American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment, 4th Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Pryor, M.G., Taneja, S., Humphreys, J., Anderson, D. and Singleton, L., 2008. Challenges facing change management theories and research.Delhi Business Review,9(1), pp.1-20. Taylor, F.W., 2004.Scientific management. Routledge. Waring, S.P., 2016.Taylorism transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC Press Books.

Mystery Bag free essay sample

There was a long line in the wintery New York streets of 1858. Many wealthy people were waiting for the Magic Broadway to open. Once the doors opened, the people filed into their seats. Rows filled in seconds. The chatter turned into whisper, then silence. The velvety red curtains opened, and then music started. Lights flashed, then a group of people dressed in authentically tailored costumes, went out to the center of the stage. An elderly woman leaned over to a young man to clarify something. She stood straight after a few seconds, squinting over the audience. The man seemed confused, then cleared his throat and started to speak. What an audience we have out here! The man nervously. Clearing his voice again, he started the show. The story that is going to be told to you tonight, will somewhat be fascinating, bone-chilling, hysterical.. I could come up with much more descriptions for this, but Id rather not. We will write a custom essay sample on Mystery Bag or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At that, the man left the stage. Then a woman came up into the light. She was short about five feet, maybe. Her black hair glistened in the light, and her eyes carefully moved across the room. After a few moments, she began to softly talk. I was once a magicians assistant, She began. I would always be beside him handing him this, and handing him that. I got so tired of Everybody commenting about how, Oh, hes so great! or, He is so amazing! So one day, I watched him practice a spell on a chair, you know, before the show. I went home that night and practiced it. I still know it. With knowledge of all, I hope you hear this call. By the time Im done with you, you will have forgotten everything you will ever do. The woman stopped to think about it. So, I went up to the loved man and whispered it in his ear. It seemed that his mind went blank. He turned to me and asked, Who, who am I? I was so happy it worked, but I knew I had to keep a straight face, to not give it away. I told him something completely different then from what was actual. Your name is Henry and you live in Happy life. I said. I will take you there, come on. I gestured for him to walk with me to the car. He slowly got in and I drove him away. I kept on driving till I found Happy Life. I pulled up and said, Heres where you get off. Oh man, did he look hopeless, saying the woman happily. Am I James? asked the man. I thought it was over. He remembered his name. So I spent countless times telling him otherwise. The woman then said, so long story short, hes in a retirement home in Manhattan. She abruptly walked off the stage. The audience was so intrigued, their eyes locked on the small woman. When the show ended, the lights faded, and then house lights appeared. The room once again flooded with people out of the doors. but one row of people, the sixteenth row, stayed in their seats. Their faces were absolutely straight, no one movedat all. After a few minutes, they stood up as one and left. they went down dark streets, and went inside a tall grey building. When the crowd came back out, they were carrying a big bag tied with rope. Shoes clicking against the cold hard ground started to sound like the Magic Broadway theme song, Tick tink, Tick tink. The crowd reached an unusually big frozen pond. They stopped at the edge. The two men with the bag came up and dropped it in a hole in the icy water. They watched it until the bag was no longer visible. They once again, as one, turned and left. Days later, the police came to see what was in the pond. It was blurry, to blurry to identify. So they got a big stick and tried to lift the bag. Once they felt it, they tried to get the bag, and then the stick snapped in half. That pretty much told them that they couldnt get it out themselves, so the police contacted a building company. They arrived shortly after. The snow was crunching underneath the curious mens feet, as they walked up to the edge where the bag was. The builders got a lifting truck and splashed it into the glassy water. Once they hit the bottom, they grabbed the bag and slowly started to pull it up to the surface. There it was, The mysterious bag. Then, all of the sudden, something rolled out of the bag and crashed onto the ground in one motion.

Free Essays on St Valentines Day Masacre

The St Valentines Day Massacre What does one think of when they hear the phrase â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†, â€Å"The Jazz Age†, or even what our grandparents refer to as the â€Å"Golden Years†? It was the best of times. Women’s liberation was just beginning. The stock market was at its highest most glorious days. Alas, â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†. It was the foundation of the largest Cultural Revolution in America’s history. People were really questioning the meaning of life and finding out who they really were with the answers they received. On the contrary, many people only view this time period skin deep. It wasn’t the glorious, carefree days that past generations remember. They too had the problems of violence, scandals, drugs, sex, and alcohol. However, it was all underground. Let me take you back to a time where the girls were dancing, the music was blasting, and underground crime was at its peak. The date you ask? February 14, 1929. A date that would go down in American history as â€Å"The Valentines Day Massacre.† Prohibition was the eighteenth amendment, the Volstead Act, which was passed on October 10th, 1919 against alcohol. This Act outlined that it was illegal to import, export, transport, sell, manufacture, barter, and own any beverages which contained more than 0.5% alcohol excluding the alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The law was passed mainly to reduce the crime and death rates in the United States. Prohibition did solve some of the problems in the United States for the first few years, but did not last for long. One of the worst effects of Prohibition was alcohol export being controlled by huge gangsters like Al Capone, who had his headquarters based in Chicago. More than 100,000 speak-easies were in New-York City alone. It almost seemed impossible to control the huge amounts of alcohol being transported throughout the United States. Al â€Å"Scar face† Capone was one... Free Essays on St Valentines Day Masacre Free Essays on St Valentines Day Masacre The St Valentines Day Massacre What does one think of when they hear the phrase â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†, â€Å"The Jazz Age†, or even what our grandparents refer to as the â€Å"Golden Years†? It was the best of times. Women’s liberation was just beginning. The stock market was at its highest most glorious days. Alas, â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†. It was the foundation of the largest Cultural Revolution in America’s history. People were really questioning the meaning of life and finding out who they really were with the answers they received. On the contrary, many people only view this time period skin deep. It wasn’t the glorious, carefree days that past generations remember. They too had the problems of violence, scandals, drugs, sex, and alcohol. However, it was all underground. Let me take you back to a time where the girls were dancing, the music was blasting, and underground crime was at its peak. The date you ask? February 14, 1929. A date that would go down in American history as â€Å"The Valentines Day Massacre.† Prohibition was the eighteenth amendment, the Volstead Act, which was passed on October 10th, 1919 against alcohol. This Act outlined that it was illegal to import, export, transport, sell, manufacture, barter, and own any beverages which contained more than 0.5% alcohol excluding the alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The law was passed mainly to reduce the crime and death rates in the United States. Prohibition did solve some of the problems in the United States for the first few years, but did not last for long. One of the worst effects of Prohibition was alcohol export being controlled by huge gangsters like Al Capone, who had his headquarters based in Chicago. More than 100,000 speak-easies were in New-York City alone. It almost seemed impossible to control the huge amounts of alcohol being transported throughout the United States. Al â€Å"Scar face† Capone was one...

How to Apply for a Patent for Your Invention

How to Apply for a Patent for Your Invention Inventors who have created a new product or process can apply for a patent by filling out a patent application, paying a fee, and submitting it to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Patents are meant to protect creations that solve a specific technological problem - be it a product or process - by assuring that no one else can produce and sell a product or process similar to the one patented. Because the patent application is a legal document, inventors hoping to complete the forms need to have a certain level of expertise and preciseness when filling out the proper paperwork - the better written the patent, the better the protection the patent will produce. The patent application itself has no fill-in forms available on the most complex parts of the paperwork, and instead, you will be asked to submit  drawings  of your invention and fill out a series of technical specs that make it different and unique from all other inventions that have already been patented. Undertaking a non-provisional utility patent application without a  patent attorney or agent  is very difficult and not recommended for beginners to patent law. Although only  the inventor may apply for a patent, with certain  exceptions, and two or more persons making  an invention  jointly must apply for a patent as joint inventors, all inventors must be listed on the patent applications. Getting Started With Filing Your Patent It is highly recommended that you draft a first copy of the patent application and do a preliminary search for prior art yourself before bringing the paperwork to the patent agent you hire for a final proof. If you must self-patent for financial reasons please read a book such as, Patent It Yourself and understand the risks of self-patenting. Another alternative - which comes with its own set of  drawbacks  - is to file a provisional patent application, which provides one year of protection, allows patent pending status, and does not require writing claims. However, before one year expires you must file a non-provisional patent application for your invention, and during this year, you can promote and sell your product and hopefully raise the money for a non-provisional patent. Many successful experts advocate provisional patents and other alternatives as a better path to follow. Essentials of Non-Provisional Utility Patent Applications All non-provisional  utility  patent applications must include a written document which comprises a specification (description and claims) and an Oath or Declaration; a drawing  in those cases in which a drawing  is necessary; and the filing fee at the time of application, which is the fee when the patent is issued, as well as an  Application Data Sheet. The descriptions and claims are very important to a patent application as they are what the patent examiner will look at to determine if your invention is novel, useful, nonobvious, and correctly reduced to practice as it relates to whether or not the invention is  patentable  in the first place. It takes up to three years for a patent application to be granted, and because applications are often rejected the first time, you may need to amend the claims and appeal. Make sure that you meet all  drawing standards  and follow all patent laws that apply to design patent applications in order to avoid further delay. It will be a lot easier for you to understand how to apply for a design patent if you look over a few issued design patents first - check out  Design Patent D436,119  as an example before proceeding, which includes the front page and three pages of drawing sheets. Optional Preamble and Mandatory Single Claim A preamble (if included) should state the name of the inventor, the title of the design, and a brief description of  the nature  and intended use of the invention that the design is connected to, and all the information contained in the preamble will be printed on the patent if it is granted. Using an Optional Preamble: I, John Doe, have invented a new design for a jewelry cabinet, as set forth in the following specification. The claimed jewelry cabinet is used to store jewelry and could sit on a bureau. You may choose not to write a detailed preamble in your design patent application;  however, you must write one  claim  like  Design Patent D436,119  uses. You will submit all bibliographic information such as the inventors name by using an  application data sheet  or ADS. Using a Single Claim: The ornamental design for eyeglasses, as shown and described. All design patent application may only include a single claim that defines the design which the applicant wishes to patent, and the claim must be written in formal terms, where as shown relates to drawing standards included in the application while as described means that the application includes special descriptions of the design, a proper showing of modified forms of the design, or other descriptive matter. Design Patent Title and Additional Details The title of the design must identify the invention that the design is connected to by its most common name used by the public, but marketing designations (like Coca-Cola instead of soda) are improper as titles and should not be used. A title descriptive of the actual article is recommended. A good title helps the person that is examining your patent know where to or not to search for prior art and helps with the proper classification of the design patent if it is granted; it also helps the understanding of the nature and use of your invention that will  embody the design. Examples of good titles include jewelry cabinet, concealed jewelry cabinet, or panel for a jewelry accessory cabinet, each of which gives specifications to items already known colloquially, which could increase your chances of getting your patent approved. Any cross-references to related  patent applications  should be stated (unless already included in the application data sheet), and you should also include a statement regarding any federally sponsored research or development if any. Figure and Special Descriptions (Optional) The figure descriptions of the drawings included with the application tell what each view represents, and should be noted as FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, etc. These items are meant to instruct the agent reviewing your application to what is being presented in each drawing, which can be demonstrated as such: FIG.1 is a perspective view of eyeglasses showing my new design;FIG.2 is a front elevational view thereof;FIG.3 is a rear elevational view thereof;FIG.4 is a side elevational view, the opposite side being a mirror image thereof;FIG.5 is a top view thereof; and,FIG.6 is a bottom view thereof. Any description of the design in the specification, other than a brief description of the drawing, is generally not necessary since, as a general rule, the drawing is the designs best description. However, while not required, a special description is not prohibited. In addition to the figure descriptions, there are many types of special descriptions that are permissible in the specification, which include: A description of the appearance of portions of the claimed design which are not illustrated in the drawing disclosure; a description  disclaiming portions of the article not shown, that form no part of the claimed design; a statement indicating that any broken line illustration of environmental structure in the drawing is not part of the design sought to be patented; and a description denoting the nature and environmental use of the claimed design, if not included in the preamble.

Propaganda Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Propaganda - Research Paper Example According to Magstadt (147), Propaganda is the deliberate and a systematic effort to manipulate the perceptions, cognitions and or behavior using false, true or partial information in order for the informer to achieve certain specific responses that serves his or her intention. Propaganda may therefore passing information mainly to direct perception towards a certain point for the benefit of the propagandist. It therefore follows that propaganda may not benefit the audience but benefit only the architecture of the propaganda. Propaganda may also be intentional deception of individuals by changing their perceptions towards a particular issue. It can be engineered by the government or politicians for political reasons or just by an individual for self benefit. However, victims of propaganda do not often realize until they are completely deceived. Most of the times, propaganda is used to garner political support for politicians and they do this by spreading propaganda against their riva ls. However, it is important to clarify that propaganda is not only for political reasons but may be also witnessed by other societal organizations that have intensions of manipulating the perceptions of the people. The understanding of propaganda in a class setting has therefore to start with the differentiation of propaganda with the other forms of advocacy. There are other forms of advocacy that are used to persuade people and hence change their perception by not necessarily using lies and false information. From the explanation given above, it is clear that there is a difference between propaganda and other tools of persuasion. One idea that has come out is that with propaganda, is that the propagandists are willing and uses confusion and deception to change the people’s perception rather than ordinary persuasion and understanding (Magstadt, 148). Another difference is that they may take the opportunity that the audience do not have the full information and hence use part ial truth and partial lies to confuse them and make them believe. For example, in an organization, the leaders of that particular organization know very well that the information may not be true, however for the individuals in the organization that helps in the dissemination of the information; they might not know this. Bringing this difference in class aids in the understanding of propaganda as it it makes the members in a classroom stay focused and avoids confusion with other methods of advocacy. It also brings the concept clearer for the members in the classroom. It is therefore clear that propaganda is deliberate, deception and confusion that is intended to benefit individual interest or group of individuals. The techniques that are used to share propaganda are also very important. Since it is not a direct deception, it is important to outline the various techniques that are used by the propagandist to share information. The two commonly used avenues for sharing propaganda are t he advertisements through media and public relations. However the difference should come out clear between the advertisement that are meant to promote a commercial product and the advertisement that is only meant to share propaganda. It should be noted that the propaganda often takes a specific forma and is totally different from the commercial advertisements in the media. Propaganda often takes the political or nationalist kind of messages and hence should not be